Rumi (Mevlana Celaleddin Rumi)

Rumi (Mevlana Celaleddin Rumi)

History

Another name of Mevlana, one of the most important names in Turkish history, is Muhammed Celaleddin – i Rumi. Mevlana, who lived in the 13th century, is a Persian Muslim. He is a poet, jurist, theologian and a Sufi mystic. Known by many people, Mevlana has reached the whole world over the years. This is an indication of how much valuable information you present to the world. He helps everyone with his knowledge of Mevlana adopted by Muslims, Iranians and Turks. His poems and works have reached many languages around the world, which has helped everyone at some point. Mevlana is also among the most well-known and most loved poets in the United States.

Many of his works were written in Persian. Today, his works have been translated into every language. Mevlana, who wrote in Turkish, Arabic and Greek as well as Persian, was ahead of his time. The Mesnevi, which he wrote while in Konya, is one of the greatest poems written in Persian. These works are still taught in Iran and Persian countries.

Mevlana introduced his name as Muhammed bin Muhammed bin Hüseyin el-Belhi in his Mesnevi. The reason for this is that he puts his father’s and grandfather’s name in front of his name. Belhi, on the other hand, is unique to the city where he was born. His nickname is Celaleddin. The word Mevlana means our lord and was said to glorify him. The nickname Hüdavendigar is a nickname given to him by his father. It means sultan. In Anatolia, he is known as Mevlana Rumi. Being a professor brought him the nicknames Molla Hünkar or Molla-yi Rum.

Mevlana’s Life

Mevlana was born on September 30, 1207 in the shadow of Belh in Khorasan. This is the region between Afghanistan and Tajikistan today. His mother is Mümine Hatun, who is the daughter of the Belh Emiri Rükneddin, and his grandmother is known as Melike-i Cihan Emetullah Sultan, the Persian princess of the Khwarazmshahs dynasty. His father’s name is Muhammed Bahaeddin Veled. His father was given the name Sultanu’l Ulema, which means the sultan of scholars. Although Rumi’s ethnic origin is not certain, historians consider him Persian, Tajik, or Turkish. The ruler of the Harzemshahs did not like the influence of Mevlana’s father on the people. As a result of an encounter between the ruler and Bahaeddin Veled, Mevlana’s father left his country. While teaching, Bahaeddin Veled heavily criticized the philosophers. After that, Fahrettin Razi complained to the ruler of the Khwarazmshahs. The ruler, on the other hand, takes a decision by considering Razi’s words and the love of the people. He wants to give control of the country to Bahaeddin Veled, but Mevlana’s father does not accept this. After this situation, Bahaeddin Veled leaves the city with his family.

Mevlana goes to Baghdad with his father and then to Arabia for pilgrimage. After the pilgrimage, they come to Anatolia. His father and Mevlana stay in Erzincan, Akşehir Larende in Anatolia. This process took seven years. Celaleddin, who was 18 years old, married Gevher Hatun, the daughter of Lala Şerafettin from Samarkand. From this marriage, Mevlana had two sons. He names Mehmet Bahaeddin and Alaeddin Mehmet. Their children were born in Larende. Alaeddin Keykubat, who was the Seljuk sultan at that time, persuaded Mevlana and his father to stay in Konya. His father endears himself to this process and many people become his companions. Mevlana’s father Bahaeddin Veled died in Konya in 1231. He is buried in the rose garden in the Seljuk Palace.

Mevlana succeeds his father at the request of the Seljuk sultan and his father’s will. Along the way, he gives lectures, sermons and fatwas in Konya. Then he meets Seyyid Burhaneddin Muhakkik Shams-i Tebrizi from Tabriz, one of his father’s best students. Shams-i Tebrizi trains Mevlana in the branches of Islamic sciences and puts him to exams after they meet. After successful results, Shams-i Tabriz tells Mevlana that he is a unique person and that he is very knowledgeable. Saying that he was like his father, Shams-i Tabriz accompanied Mevlana for 9 years and trained him in the sect. During this period, Mevlana was educated in Aleppo and Damascus madrasas. When he returned, he suffered three times in a row under the supervision of his teacher, Shams-i Tabriz. Then he started to abstinence, that is, abstinence.

He left Konya at the request of Mevlana Teacher Şems-i Tabriz and settled in Kayseri. Mevlana, who wants to continue the legacy of his teacher, gives trainings with his books and lecture notes. He taught fiqh and religion in madrasahs for five years. He continues to preach.

Mevlana used the name Şems in some of his poems because he equated himself with Şems-i Tabriz. After the death of Şems-i Tabriz, Selahattin Zerküb became Mevlana’s closest companion. Selahattin Zerküb and Mevlana spent 10 years together. With the death of Selahattin Serküb in December 1258, Hüsamettin Çelebi took his place. Their relationship with Mevlana continued until Mevlana’s death.

Masnavi is one of the most important works of Islamic Sufism. Written in company with Hüsamettin Çelebi, this book was written to educate people in a divine way. Mevlana took out a yellow paper and wrote the first 18 couplets. Then he said to his disciple, “I started, you write the rest and I’ll tell you.” Said. The Mesnevi, which had been written for years, consisted of 25,700 couplets. It had 6 volumes. Sufism stories and teachings were told to people. Mevlana, who had aged at the end of his masnavi, was tired and his health deteriorated. Mevlana died on 17 December 1273. The day of Mevlana’s death is called Seb-i Arus because it is called the day of reunion with God, who is his lover, which means wedding night.

Shams-i Tabriz relationship

Shams-i Tabriz, who came to Konya in 1244, first came to the Sugar Traders Inn. On his way to Şems-i Tabriz İplikçi Madrasa, he came across Mevlana on a horse on the way. In this way, Shams-i Tabriz asks a question to Mevlana and Mevlana is very impressed by it. After this conversation and with the impressive answers of Mevlana, Shams-i Tabriz thinks that he has found what he is looking for and embraces Mevlana. The place where these two important names meet is mentioned as Merec – el Bahrain in the sources.

Mevlana’s closure with Shams-i Tabriz took place in the madrasa room and this closure lasted between 40 days and 6 months. During this time, Mevlana learned a lot and almost turned into a new person. After this time, Mevlana abandoned his lectures, duties and sermons. He left aside the books he was reading and his friends. In Konya, on the other hand, everyone was disturbed by this situation. These complaints grew so much that some people even threatened Shams-i Tabriz with death. When this was the case, his teacher, who spoke with Mevlana, left Konya one night. Mevlana, who was greatly affected by this process, did not talk to anyone and was almost offended by life. She had withdrawn from everything. Mevlana sang ghazals about longing and love to his followers, and sent messengers to seek Shams-i Tabriz. Messengers reached their goal one day and found Mevlana’s teacher in Damascus. However, everyone was against Shams-i Tabriz. They thought that they had changed Mevlana for the worse and did not want him to come back. Among these people was Mevlana’s son Alaeddin Çelebi.

Shams-i Tabriz could not stand it any longer and disappeared in 1247. Some people say that a group, including Mevlana’s son Alaeddin, killed Mevlana’s comrade. After this news, Mevlana goes crazy. After a certain time, he realizes that his teacher will not come and returns to his old life. He continues his lessons, friends and work from where he left off. The tomb of Şems-i Tabriz is located in Hacı Beştaş Lodge.

Philosophy & Teaching

Tabriz. They thought that they had changed Mevlana for the worse and did not want him to come back. Among these people was Mevlana’s son Alaeddin Çelebi.

Mevlana loves and accepts every human being as they are. This is one of the biggest sources of its being a universal name. He also has different understandings as he has lived a life of immigration. His greatest understanding is Humanism. According to Mevlana, everything is divine. There is no superiority of people or race difference among people. Mevlana adopts the concept of evolution. According to Mevlana, the soul that emerges from the divine self evolves. All matter in the universe conforms to this. These substances have an instinct to reach the divine source. Mevlana calls this love. This is likened to a spiritual transformation. Right consciousness carries man in a divine form. This too is an evolutionary process.

According to Mevlana’s understanding, education includes two major stages. The first of these is to train individuals one-on-one. The second step is to create healthy and balanced individuals. This will change the society and the universe. With a whole system, man also realizes that he is part of the wholeness and works for the good of others. When people are in harmony together, it brings peace to the universe. Continuous work and struggle is also one of Mevlana’s teachings. Being conscientious and knowing that you are equal with others will add a lot to a person.

Sufi education is very similar to today’s modern education system. It motivates people and makes them believe that they will always come to better places. It is very important for people to forgive each other and approach each other with tolerance for a peaceful life. Mevlana has always defended this over the years.

Works

Mathnawi

In his Mesnevi, Mevlana tells people his thoughts and words on Sufism in stories. The book, which is in couplets, consists of 6 volumes and gives short advice to people about life. In Mesnevi, two lines of each couplet rhyme with each other. Mevlana found the name of Mesnevi himself and named his book. There are also stories in it for people to take a lesson from. Another name is the Essence of the Qur’an. Everything that the Qur’an tells is exemplified here.

Divan-ı Kebir (Great Divan)

It is the book in which all of Mevlana’s poems are collected. Every poem written by Mevlana on different subjects is in this book. Although the main language is Persian, there are also poems in Arabic, Greek and Turkish.

Fihi Ma – The Book of Fih (Everything Is In It)

In this work, there are conversations that Mevlana made in his assemblies. His son Sultan Veled brought this book together. The work contains 61 chapters. It is also an important source in terms of history, as there are some political issues. The subjects of heaven, hell, love and sema are mostly covered.

Mecalis-i Seb'a (7 Sermons of Mevlana)

This book, which gives information about the seven councils of Mevlana, spread after it was edited. In it, 7 topics such as how societies will find the right way, getting rid of crime, the strength of belief, the value of knowledge, the importance of repentance to be Allah’s beloved servant, how valuable knowledge is, being heedless and the importance of reason are explained. In addition, 41 more hadiths are included in the book. All of these topics are supported by mystical topics and stories. It is a book written in this way in Mesnevi and intended to be beneficial to humanity.