
Museum of Anatolian Civilizations
Anatolian Civilizations Museum
The Anatolian Civilizations Museum is located in the Ulus district of Ankara. It contains many important works related to history and archeology. Archaeological artifacts unearthed in Anatolia are exhibited in the museum in order of time.
The museum is located in two Ottoman buildings on the southeast side of Ankara Castle. The first of the structures is Mahmut Pasha Bedesten, which was built at the request of Veli Mahmud Pasha. The other building is Kurşunlu Han, which was built by Rum Mehmet Pasha. It is an important museum in Ankara that should be visited by history lovers. It is open for visitors on weekdays.
The repair of Mahmut Pasha Bedesten, which is located nearby, was completed in 1940. After the repairs were completed, the works began to be placed. In 1943, while the buildings were being repaired, the middle part of the museum was opened to visitors. The museum reached its final form in 1968. Kurşunlu Han part is used as an administrative building today. There are researchers’ rooms, a library, a conference room, work workshops and laboratories here. The bedesten, on the other hand, is a showroom today.
Sections in the Museum
When you enter the museum door, there is a corridor that separates to the right and left. In the middle of this corridor is a bronze statue. Bronze sculptures are valuable because they are very difficult to make. The bronze statue in this section was stolen before, but was brought back from America. On the left side of the corridor is the coin collection. The coins are arranged in this section according to the period they belong to and the order of the year. In the same section, there are metals, ceramic objects, glasses and ornaments belonging to different Anatolian civilizations. In the jewelry parts, there are more valuable rings and seals. The shapes on these seals are projected onto the screen so that visitors can see them more closely. In the corridor on the other side, artifacts found in Ankara and the surrounding provinces are exhibited.
On the coins found around Ankara, there are coins with ship anchors and the name Ankara was used for the first time in history. There is a story behind the existence of a ship anchored coin in Ankara, which does not have a sea. In this story, a warrior and sailor community called the Galatians come to Anatolia after crossing the Bosphorus. The Pontus State, which was one of the biggest in Anatolia at that time, is fighting with the Egyptian Navy. Pontus people agree with the sailors of Galatians to help them. As a result, they defeated the Egyptians. Galatians take the anchor of the ship with them as a memory of this encounter. Upon this victory, the Pontians asked the Galatians what they wanted as a reward from them. After the Galatians demanded land, the Pontus Emperor gave them the Ankara region. Galatians who settled here also place the anchor, which is the symbol of the city.
In addition to these works, there are Roman Bath, Balgat Roman Tomb, Roman Theater and ancient objects found in excavations in other areas in the corridor. In the last part, there are also objects and animal remains found in the tombs. There is a map of Turkey at the entrance of the museum. Ancient areas are shown with light on this map. On the other panels, there are remains from the Paleolithic, Neolithic periods and about 10 thousand years ago, collected from Anatolia.
In the corner of the corridor, the living spaces of the people who lived in those times are represented as models. From here, the areas where people lived at that time can be examined closely. In ancient times, people used to bury their dead in their living spaces. For this reason, there are stairs leading to the lower floor in the houses. In the decoration of the houses, there are mostly bull head sculptures. In this area, there are pictures made in caves of the same periods, bone remains and tools that were used in the past.
One of the most important works in the museum is located in the corridor. This work is the statue of Cybele. People used to worship this statue in ancient times. The mother goddess Cybele symbolized fertility and fertility in ancient times. This shows once again the importance given to women in Anatolia.
IMPORTANCE
There are many important artifacts from the Paleolithic Age in the museum. The fact that the Anatolian region has one of the richest histories and has left many legacies today also explains the importance of the artifacts. In terms of the history of Turkey and Anatolia, very different information and artifacts are found in the museum. There are virtual tours of different artifacts and historical sites in the museum. For this reason, one of the places that people definitely visit in Ankara is the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations.
In the museum, there is the Hattis section, which was the forerunner of the Hittites. On the first floor of the museum, items from the people who lived in this period are listed according to their historical times. In this part, there are sun discs, one of the most fundamental works of the Hattians. These courses include both plain and deer sculptures. Sun discs were used only in religious ceremonies in Hattian times. The first sun discs found are in the tomb of the Hatti king. These courses were attached to the end of a long stick when the burials were carried and provided mystical music. These courses were also put on the grave of the deceased later on.
In the same section of the museum, there are artifacts belonging to the Phrygians. In the right corner of the corridor, there are tablets written in cuneiform. On the left side, there are cuneiform tablets from the Assyrians and Hittites. These include tablets containing marriage information, tablets written by kings, and tablets containing divorce matters. The most striking part of these divorce tablets is that women’s and men’s rights are treated equally in divorce.
On the panels in the middle, there are wooden tables made by the Phrygians and artifacts belonging to the Eastern civilization. On the left side, there are horse head symbols. In another part of the corridor in the middle, when you enter through the left door, the continuation of the stone works catches the eye. The lions in the lion gate in the capital of the Hittites are also in this part. From the entrance to the museum, you can go back to the museum garden.
HISTORY
The Anatolian Civilizations Museum, the first museum of Ankara, started to serve its visitors in 1921.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk wanted an Eti Museum to be established in Ankara. For this reason, important Hittite artifacts began to be collected from every region of Turkey. Galip Bey, who was the Culture Director at that time, transformed the Akkale Bastion, Augustus Temple and Roman Bath in Ankara Castle into a museum and took the first steps of the Anatolian Civilizations Museum. After a while, the borders of Akkale Bastion became insufficient. For this reason, the restoration works of Mahmutpaşa Bedesteni and Kurşunlu Han, which are next to the Ankara Castle, have also started. Restoration began in 1938 and ended in 1968. At the same time, while repairs were being made, Mahmutpaşa Bedesteni was opened to visitors in 1943.
The Museum of Anatolian Civilizations was selected as the museum of the year in Europe in 1997. The works in the Anatolian Civilization Museum are divided chronologically. In the upper part, there are Paleolithic Age, Old Bronze Age, Chalcolithic Age, Assyrian Trade Colonies Age, Old Hittite and Imperial Age, Phrygian Kingdom and Urartian Kingdom. On the lower floor of the museum, there are Ankara through the Ages and Classical Ages sections.
IMPORTANT WORKS
Bronze Tablet
Among the important artifacts in the museum is the Bronze Tablet. The bronze tablet was found during the excavations in Boğazköy on 20 June 1986. The tablet is written in Hittite cuneiform. In addition, the Bronze tablet is the only bronze tablet found in Anatolia. In this tablet, the Hittite King IV. The agreement between Tuthaliya and Tarhuntaşşa Country King Kurunta in 1235 BC was recorded. The tablet also sheds light on the historical situation of Anatolia. The tablet, which was found 35 meters west of the sphinx door overlooking the city, is also called the Hattusha tablet. The articles were written in cuneiform in 4 columns and 350 lines. All the regulations related to the royal are included.
We Believed Vase
Inandik vase is one of the works that attracts a lot of attention in the museum. The vase is made of terracotta. There are four sections on the vase, from bottom to top. In these sections, the scenes of the marriage ceremony are depicted. The reliefs were first poured into molds and then glued to the vase. It is a very important work that describes the daily life of the Hittite period. The tradition applied on this vase was acquired during the Assyrian Trade Colonies Age. In the Old Hittite Period, the Inandik Vase was inspired by these vases.
The marriage ceremony described on the vase was performed in accordance with religious rules. This can be clearly seen on the vase. In the first part of the vase, there is a man making pots, a god and praying people. It is a symbol of their belief. In the second part, the traditions of sacrificing are explained. In the third part, there are gods and goddesses on the sacred marriage bed. Men holding swords are also seen on this frieze. In the last part, it seems that men and women are depicted as erotic. This shows how important the issue of reproduction is. We believe the vase is an important piece of information because it gives a lot of information about the lifestyle of that age.
Leopard Reliefs
Leopard reliefs are one of the most important artifacts left from Çatalhöyük. These reliefs, which are used to decorate the walls of the house, are also preferred as decoration. Leopards, the animals of Kybele, were also used on the walls of many houses, as they represented independence. Leopards, a sacred animal, are creatures that every human cares about and are described as animals of the gods. This is the biggest basis for finding patterns.
Breastfeeding Woman Statue
The breastfeeding woman statue is made by casting. The female statue, which is the depiction of the mother goddess, was made with metals. They are in tombs. It is also thought that this statue in Horoztepe belongs to 3000 – 4000 BC. It shows that women were the basis of life even in those times and what a great role she had.
Bull Shaped Containers
Bull shaped vessels are special ceremonial vessels. Bulls are found in pairs. Only the directions in which their tails face each other differ. They use it as a serving bowl with holes on their backs and mouths. Bulls are often sculpted animals because they are important for food and agriculture. They also represent power.
Cybele Statue
Kybele represents maternity, femininity and reproduction. Cybele, one of the most important Anatolian goddesses, is also the protector of agriculture, fertility and nature. It was first encountered in the Hittites under the name of Kubaba. In the excavations, it is seen that the Statue of Cybele belongs to 6500 – 7000 BC. This goddess is shown seated in the statue. The leopards on the sides of the statue symbolize unlimited sovereignty. Leopards are the goddess’s sacred animal. The fact that it is a built woman statue represents how fertile she is.
Sun Course
The sun disc represents the Hittites. It consists of elements around the circular shape that symbolizes the sun. Each course has the symbols it represents. These are swinging pieces, deer symbolizing peace, or birds representing reproduction. Its main materials are bronze. The most important examples were found in Alacahöyük. Sun disc, one of the Hatti works, is a panented logo. It is currently used as the logo of Ankara University. Many examples are also in the museum.

